The behavior and associated design considerations of power cables in these highly dynamic applications make coupled analysis relevant for design. The relatively large motions experienced by floating wind turbines and wave energy converters pose a challenge for power cables, whose internal components provide significant bending resistance and are sensitive to deformation. Results indicate correct implementation of bending stiffness and show close agreement with OrcaFlex. The dynamic scenario uses prescribed motions and includes wave loadings on the cable. The bending stiffness implementation is verified in static conditions against analytical solutions and then in a dynamic power cable scenario in comparison with OrcaFlex. The resulting bending moment is realized by applying forces on adjacent nodes, leaving the underlying lumped-mass formulation unchanged. To properly capture the dynamics of power cables, a cable bending stiffness model has been added that approximates cable curvature based on the difference in tangent vectors of adjacent line elements. Its existing line elasticity moreР’В Р’В» formulation considers axial stiffness only. MoorDyn is a lumped-mass mooring dynamics model that is used for floating wind energy simulation (often coupled with OpenFAST) and floating wave energy converter simulation (often coupled with WEC-Sim). The numerical examples provided show that for low load levels, the designs obtained from the different stiffness measures coincide whereas for large deformations significant differences are = ,Р”В¬able bending stiffness capabilities have been added to MoorDyn to enable modeling of dynamic power cables. We formulate a well-posed topology optimization problem by using restriction which is achieved via a Helmholtz type filter. Loss of convergence due to large deformations in void regions is addressed by using a fictitious strain energy such that small strain linear elasticity is approached in the void regions. And for the tangent cost function it is shown that although the objective involves the third derivative of the strain energy an efficient formulation for calculating the sensitivity can be obtained. The optimization problem is solved by the method of moving asymptotes and the sensitivities are calculated using the adjoint method. secant stiffness designs are compared to tangent stiffness designs. Due to the non-linearity, several possible stiffness measures can be identified and in this work conventional compliance, i.e.

Our paper revisits stiffness optimization of non-linear elastic structures.

Orcaflex elastic solid model